Carroll Manning (1898-1931), a laborer, was killed in Fairfield, Firestone County, Texas. Circumstances are unclear. Newspapers report that two Black men, Son Bailey and Carl Bailey, were held for shooting Manning over a dice game. A letter to the NAACP alleges that the actual shooters were a man named “Jones” and his brother-in-law Hickey Lewis, both Black, who were hired to kill Manning by constable Thornton Killough and other whites. The letter suggests that Killough was allowing Jones and Lewis to illegally manufacture alcohol in exchange for protection from prosecution.

Carroll Manning

Carl Bailey

Son Bailey

[given name unknown] Jones

Thornton Killough

Hickey Lewis